Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Oral Suspension, USP

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Prescription Drug Name:

ID:

f79e0fd0-216f-4cf7-acca-be727c80bd05

Code:

34391-3

DESCRIPTION

id: 985bbdb1-cec9-4e56-b9a2-beab718aa4cd
displayName: DESCRIPTION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34089-3

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is a synthetic antibacterial combination product containing 200 mg sulfamethoxazole and 40 mg trimethoprim per 5 mL for oral administration. Sulfamethoxazole is N
¹-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide; the molecular formula is C₁₀H₁₁N₃O₃S. It is an almost white, odorless, tasteless compound with a molecular weight of 253.28 and the following structural formula is: Trimethoprim is 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine; the molecular formula is C₁₄H₁₈N₄O₃. It is a white to light yellow, odorless, bitter compound with a molecular weight of 290.3 and. It has the following structural formula is: Inactive ingredients: alcohol 0.26%, methylparaben 0.1% and sodium benzoate 0.1% (added as preservatives), carboxymethylcellulose sodium, citric acid (anhydrous), glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, polysorbate 80, purified water, saccharin sodium, and sorbitol. The light purple, grape flavored suspension contains the following additional inactive ingredients: FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Blue No. 1 and natural and artificial grape flavor. The pink, cherry flavored suspension contains the following additional inactive ingredients: FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Yellow No. 6 and artificial cherry flavor.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

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displayName: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34090-1

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Both sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim exist in the blood as unbound, protein-bound, and metabolized forms; sulfamethoxazole also exists as the conjugated form. The metabolism of sulfamethoxazole occurs predominantly by N4-acetylation, although the glucuronide conjugate has been identified. The principal metabolites of trimethoprim are the 1- and 3-oxides and the 3’- and 4’-hydroxy derivatives. The free forms of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are considered to be the therapeutically active forms. Approximately 70% of sulfamethoxazole and 44% of trimethoprim are bound to plasma proteins. The presence of 10 mg percent sulfamethoxazole in plasma decreases the protein binding of trimethoprim by an insignificant degree; trimethoprim does not influence the protein binding of sulfamethoxazole. Peak blood levels for the individual components occur 1 to 4 hours after oral administration. The mean serum half-lives of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are 10 and 8 to 10 hours, respectively. However, patients with severely impaired renal function exhibit an increase in the half-lives of both components, requiring dosage regimen adjustment (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section). Detectable amounts of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are present in the blood 24 hours after drug administration. During administration of 800 mg sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim b.i.d., the mean steady-state plasma concentration of trimethoprim was 1.72 μg/mL. The steady-state mean plasma levels of free and total sulfamethoxazole were 57.4 μg/mL and 68.0 μg/mL, respectively. These steady-state levels were achieved after three days of drug administration.1 Excretion of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is primarily by the kidneys through both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Urine concentrations of both sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are considerably higher than are the concentrations in the blood. The average percentage of the dose recovered in urine from 0 to 72 hours after a single oral dose of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is 84.5% for total sulfonamide and 66.8% for free trimethoprim. Thirty percent of the total sulfonamide is excreted as free sulfamethoxazole, with the remaining as N₄-acetylated metabolite.2 When administered together as sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, neither sulfamethoxazole nor trimethoprim affects the urinary excretion pattern of the other. Both sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim distribute to sputum, vaginal fluid and middle ear fluid; trimethoprim also distributes to bronchial secretions, and both pass the placental barrier and are excreted in human milk.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

id: 6b377207-edd0-4c13-927c-139cec0bb301
displayName: INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34067-9

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim oral suspension and other antibacterial drugs, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim oral suspension should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to empiric selection of therapy.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

id: bf111894-de30-4704-b47e-8576fdbc54e3
displayName: CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34070-3

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulfonamides, in patients with a history of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia with use of trimethoprim and/or sulfonamides, and in patients with documented megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is also contraindicated in pregnant patients and nursing mothers, because sulfonamides pass the placenta and are excreted in the milk and may cause kernicterus. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim oral suspension is contraindicated in pediatric patients less than 2 months of age. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is also contraindicated in patients with marked hepatic damage or with severe renal insufficiency when renal function status cannot be monitored.

WARNINGS

id: e6350e01-e1b5-400a-ac09-28ddecb707da
displayName: WARNINGS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34071-1

FATALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF SULFONAMIDES, ALTHOUGH RARE, HAVE OCCURRED DUE TO SEVERE REACTIONS, INCLUDING STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, FULMINANT HEPATIC NECROSIS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA AND OTHER BLOOD DYSCRASIAS. SULFONAMIDES, INCLUDING SULFONAMIDE-CONTAINING PRODUCTS SUCH AS SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHOPRIM, SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED AT THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF SKIN RASH OR ANY SIGN OF ADVERSE REACTION. In rare instances, a skin rash may be followed by a more severe reaction, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hepatic necrosis and serious blood disorders (see PRECAUTIONS ). Clinical signs, such as rash, sore throat, fever, arthralgia, pallor, purpura or jaundice may be early indications of serious reactions. Cough, shortness of breath, and pulmonary infiltrates are hypersensitivity reactions of the respiratory tract that have been reported in association with sulfonamide treatment.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

id: 1d994574-2c9c-49a2-8fae-7a040be08245
displayName: ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34084-4

The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) and allergic skin reactions (such as rash and urticaria). FATALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF SULFONAMIDES, ALTHOUGH RARE, HAVE OCCURRED DUE TO SEVERE REACTIONS, INCLUDING STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, FULMINANT HEPATIC NECROSIS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA AND OTHER BLOOD DYSCRASIAS (SEE WARNINGS SECTION).

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

id: eeafe9a8-a7a4-429c-97ed-a44e411b2a6c
displayName: DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34068-7

Not recommended for use in pediatric patients less than 2 months of age.

HOW SUPPLIED

id: f8f85f87-6a49-4f89-b519-d1b41f0288be
displayName: HOW SUPPLIED SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34069-5

Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Oral Suspension, USP is supplied in a purple grape-flavored suspension containing 200 mg sulfamethoxazole and 40 mg trimethoprim per 5 mL (teaspoonful) packaged in 1 pint (473 mL) bottles – NDC 54868-0276-0. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light. SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure (as required). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hi-Tech Pharmacal Co., Inc. at 1-800-262-9010 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Rx only

REFERENCES

id: 256318d0-e271-48ef-a18c-32144ef58302
displayName: SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
FDA Article Code: 42229-5

Kremers P, Duvivier J, Heusghem C. Pharmacokinetic Studies of Co-Trimoxazole in Man after Single and Repeated Doses. J Clin Pharmacol. Feb-Mar 1974; 14:112–117.
Kaplan SA, et al. Pharmacokinetic Profile of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in Man. J Infect Dis. Nov 1973; 128 (Suppl): S547–S555.
Varoquaux O, et al. Pharmacokinetics of the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;20:575–581.
Rudoy RC, Nelson JD, Haltalin KC. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. May 1974;5:439–443.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard – Fourth Edition. NCCLS Document M7–A4, Vol.17, No. 2, NCCLS, Wayne, PA, January, 1997.
Hardy DW, et al. A controlled trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327: 1842–1848.
Marinella Mark A. 1999. Trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia: An analysis of reported cases. Gerontol. 45:209–212.
Margassery, S. and B. Bastani. 2002. Life threatening hyperkalemia and acidosis secondary to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. J. Nephrol. 14:410–414.
Brumfitt W, Pursell R. Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole in the Treatment of Bacteriuria in Women. J Infect Dis. Nov 1973; 128 (Suppl):S657–S663.
Masur H. Prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327: 1853–1880.
Recommendations for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR. 1992; 41(RR-4):1–11.
CDC Guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR. 1991; 40(RR-2):1–13. Manufactured by: Hi-Tech Pharmacal Co., Inc. Amityville, New York 11701 Rev. 823:07 7/11

PRINCPAL DISPLAY PANEL

id: 217474a7-cf90-41a5-b226-e5ed457272b9
displayName: PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
FDA Article Code: 51945-4

SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AND TRIMETHOPRIM ORAL SUSPENSION, USP 200 mg/40 mg per 5 mL Grape Flavor Each teaspoonful (5 mL) contains: Sulfamethoxazole…………………………………200 mg Trimethoprim……………………………………….40 mg Alcohol………………………………………………..0.26 % USUAL DOSAGE: See package insert for dosage and full prescribing information. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light. SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING. Rx only 16 fl oz (473 mL)