DESCRIPTION
id: b32c2101-98d2-41b8-9bf3-85a4c9634f36
displayName: DESCRIPTION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34089-3
Each 5 mL of Promethazine Plain Syrup contains 6.25 mg of promethazine HCl. Alcohol 7%. The inactive ingredients present are: Apple-watermelon flavor, ascorbic acid, citric acid, D&C red #33, D&C yellow #10, FD&C blue #1, FD&C yellow #6, menthol, methylparaben, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, saccharin sodium, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, and sucrose.
Promethazine HCl is a racemic compound; the empirical formula is C17H20N2S•HCl and its molecular weight is 320.88.
Promethazine HCl, a phenothiazine derivative, is designated chemically as 10H-Phenothiazine-10-ethanamine, N,N, α-trimethyl-, monohydrochloride, (±)- with the following structural formula:
Promethazine HCl occurs as a white to faint yellow, practically odorless, crystalline powder which slowly oxidizes and turns blue on prolonged exposure to air. It is freely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
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displayName: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34090-1
Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative which differs structurally from the antipsychotic phenothiazines by the presence of a branched side chain and no ring substitution. It is thought that this configuration is responsible for its relative lack (1/10 that of chlorpromazine) of dopamine antagonist properties.
Promethazine is an H1 receptor blocking agent. In addition to its antihistaminic action, it provides clinically useful sedative and antiemetic effects.
Promethazine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical effects are apparent within 20 minutes after oral administration and generally last four to six hours, although they may persist as long as 12 hours. Promethazine is metabolized by the liver to a variety of compounds; the sulfoxides of promethazine and N-demethylpromethazine are the predominant metabolites appearing in the urine.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
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displayName: INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34067-9
Promethazine is useful for:
Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Vasomotor rhinitis.
Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods.
Mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angioedema.
Amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma.
Dermographism.
Anaphylactic reactions, as adjunctive therapy to epinephrine and other standard measures, after the acute manifestations have been controlled.
Preoperative, postoperative, or obstetric sedation.
Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery.
Therapy adjunctive to meperidine or other analgesics for control of postoperative pain.
Sedation in both children and adults, as well as relief of apprehension and production of light sleep from which the patient can be easily aroused.
Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness.
Antiemetic therapy in postoperative patients.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
id: ced24ca1-9057-407a-9752-8396c73aa2f4
displayName: CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34070-3
Promethazine plain syrup is contraindicated for use in pediatric patients less than 2 years of age.
Promethazine plain syrup is contraindicated in comatose states, and in individuals known to be hypersensitive or to have had an idiosyncratic reaction to promethazine or to other phenothiazines.
Antihistamines are contraindicated for use in the treatment of lower respiratory tract symptoms including asthma.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
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displayName: ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34084-4
Central Nervous System
Drowsiness is the most prominent CNS effect of this drug. Sedation, somnolence, blurred vision, dizziness; confusion, disorientation, and extrapyramidal symptoms such as oculogyric crisis, torticollis, and tongue protrusion; lassitude, tinnitus, incoordination, fatigue, euphoria, nervousness, diplopia, insomnia, tremors, convulsive seizures, excitation, catatonic-like states, hysteria. Hallucinations have also been reported.
Cardiovascular – Increased or decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, bradycardia, faintness.
Dermatologic – Dermatitis, photosensitivity, urticaria.
Hematologic – Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, agranulocytosis.
Gastrointestinal – Dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, jaundice.
Respiratory – Asthma, nasal stuffiness, respiratory depression (potentially fatal) and apnea (potentially fatal) (see
WARNINGS – Respiratory Depression
).
Other – Angioneurotic edema. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (potentially fatal) has also been reported (see
WARNINGS – Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
).
Paradoxical Reactions
Hyperexcitability and abnormal movements have been reported in patients following a single administration of promethazine HCl. Consideration should be given to the discontinuation of promethazine HCl and to the use of other drugs if these reactions occur. Respiratory depression, nightmares, delirium, and agitated behavior have also been reported in some of these patients.
OVERDOSAGE
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displayName: OVERDOSAGE SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34088-5
Signs and symptoms of overdosage with promethazine HCl range from mild depression of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system to profound hypotension, respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and sudden death. Other reported reactions include hyperreflexia, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, and extensor-plantar reflexes (Babinski reflex).
Stimulation may be evident, especially in children and geriatric patients. Convulsions may rarely occur. A paradoxical-type reaction has been reported in children receiving single doses of 75 mg to 125 mg orally, characterized by hyperexcitability and nightmares.
Atropine-like signs and symptoms – dry mouth, fixed, dilated pupils, flushing, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms – may occur.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
id: 561e3a40-cd98-45db-b8a0-fc138688a717
displayName: DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34068-7
Promethazine plain syrup is contraindicated for children under 2 years of age (see
WARNINGS – Black Box Warning
and
Use in Pediatric Patients
).
HOW SUPPLIED
id: 66c6f9c0-929f-4a70-94e5-4b5397fb5135
displayName: HOW SUPPLIED SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34069-5
Promethazine Plain Syrup is available as a clear, green oral solution. Available in 4 fluid ounce (118 mL), 8 fluid ounce (237 mL) and pint (473 mL).
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
id: 3c63f953-167f-4b58-9e6f-bd67e3cee640
displayName: PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
FDA Article Code: 51945-4
NDC 55045-1643-09
