DESCRIPTION
id: 04a47a12-6e8d-4f3b-b51e-63baf855a114
displayName: DESCRIPTION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34089-3
Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) is 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol 2,5-dinitrate, an organic nitrate whose structural formula is:
and whose molecular weight is 236.14. The organic nitrates are vasodilators, active on both arteries and veins.
Isosorbide dinitrate is a white, crystalline, odorless compound which is stable in air and in solution, has a melting point of 70°C and has an optical rotation of +134° (c=1.0, alcohol. 20°C). Isosorbide dinitrate is freely soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, alcohol, and ether, but is only sparingly soluble in water.
Each isosorbide dinitrate tablet contains 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg of ISDN.
Inactive ingredients are as follows:
Ammonium phosphate dibasic, anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate.
5 mg and 10 mg:
Ammonium phosphate dibasic, anhydrous lactose, D&C Yellow No. 10 Lake. FD&C Blue No. 1 Lake, FD&C Yellow No. 6 Lake, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate.
20 mg:
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
id: 736200f6-d7de-4fcd-81a0-7c33c688d76f
displayName: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34090-1
The principal pharmacological action of ISDN is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins, especially the latter. Dilatation of the veins promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (preload). Arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular lesistance, systolic arterial pressure, and mean arterial pressure (afterload). Dilatation of the coronary arteries also occurs. The relative importance of preload reduction, afterload reduction, and coronary dilatation remains undefined.
Dosing regimens for most chronically used drugs are designed to provide plasma concentrations that are continuously greater than a minimally effective concentration. This strategy is inappropriate for organic nitrates. Several well-controlled clinical trials have used exercise testing to assess the anti-anginal efficacy of continuously-delivered nitrates. In the large majority of these trials, active agents were no more effective than placebo after 24 hours (or less) of continuous therapy. Attempts to overcome nitrate tolerance by dose escalation, even to doses far in excess of those used acutely, have consistently failed. Only after nitrates have been absent from the body for several hours has their anti-anginal efficacy been restored.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
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displayName: INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34067-9
Isosorbide Dinitrate Tablets, USP (Oral) are indicated for the prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of action of immediate-release oral ISDN is not sufficiently rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
id: 31c2ec04-2e0c-4486-bf87-767d5351d648
displayName: CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34070-3
Allergic reactions to organic nitrates are extremely rare, but they do occur. Isosorbide Dinitrate Tablets, USP (oral) are contraindicated in patients who are allergic to ISDN or any of its other ingredients.
WARNINGS
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displayName: WARNINGS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34071-1
Amplification of the vasodilatory effects of ISDN by sildenafil can result in severe hypotension. The time course and dose dependence of this interaction have not been studied. Appropriate supportive care has not been studied, but it seems reasonable to treat this as a nitrate overdose, with elevation of the extremities and with central volume expansion.
The benefits of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate in patients with acute myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure have not been established. If one elects to use isosorbide dinitrate in these conditions, careful clinical or hemodynamic monitoring must be used to avoid the hazards of hypotension and tachycardia. Because the effects of oral isosorbide dinitrate are so difficult to terminate rapidly, this formulation is not recommended in these settings.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
id: 63378b6f-397f-4a27-8b38-f5939cd5b721
displayName: ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34084-4
Adverse reactions to isosorbide dinitrate are generally dose-related, and most all of these reactions are the result of isosorbide dinitrate’s activity as a vasodilator. Headache, which may be severe, is the most commonly reported side effect. Headache may be recurrent with each daily dose, especially at higher doses. Transient episodes of lightheadedness, occasionally related to blood pressure changes, may also occur. Hypotension occurs infrequently, but in some patients it may be severe enough to warrant discontinuation of therapy. Syncope, crescendo angina, and rebound hypertension have been reported but are uncommon.
Extremely rarely, ordinary doses of organic nitrates have caused methemoglobinemia in normal-seeming patients. Methemoglobinemia is so infrequent at these doses that further discussion of its diagnosis and treatment is deferred (see ).
OVERDOSAGE
Data are not available to allow estimation of the frequency of adverse reactions during treatment of isosorbide dinitrate tablets (oral).
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact West-ward Pharmaceutical Corp. at 1-877-233-2001, or the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
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displayName: DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34068-7
As noted under , multiple studies with isosorbide dinitrate and other nitrates have shown that maintenance of continuous 24-hour plasma levels results in refractory tolerance. Every dosing regimen for isosorbide dinitrate tablets (oral) must provide a daily dose-free interval to minimize the development of this tolerance. With immediate-release ISDN, it appears that one daily dose-free interval must be at least 14 hours long.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
As also noted under , the effects of the second and later doses have been smaller and shorter-lasting than the effects of the first.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Large controlled studies with other nitrates suggest that no dosing regimen with isosorbide dinitrate oral tablets should be expected to provide more than about 12 hours of continuous anti-anginal efficacy per day.
As with all titratable drugs, it is important to administer the minimum dose which produces the desired clinical effect. The usual starting dose of isosorbide dinitrate tablets (oral) is 5 mg to 20 mg, two or three times daily. For maintenance therapy, 10 mg to 40 mg, two or three times daily is recommended. Some patients may require higher doses. A daily dose-free interval of at least 14 hours is advisable to minimize tolerance. The optimal interval will vary with the individual patient, dose and regimen.
HOW SUPPLIED
id: b38807d5-e8c7-4214-a6dd-37a73f174551
displayName: HOW SUPPLIED SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34069-5
NDC:68151-2475-0 in a PACKAGE of 1 TABLETS
Isosorbide Dinitrate 5 MG TAB
id: 0e2d6967-a265-4671-bf24-c3d502768f21
displayName: PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
FDA Article Code: 51945-4
