DESCRIPTION
id: 6507a7f5-08e1-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: DESCRIPTION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34089-3
Furosemide tablets are a diuretic which is an anthranilic acid derivative. Furosemide tablets for oral administration contain furosemide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: corn starch, lactose anhydrous, magnesium stearate, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, and colloidal silicon dioxide. Chemically, it is 4-chloro-N-furfuryl- 5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid. Furosemide tablets are available as white tablets for oral administration in dosage strengths of 20, 40 and 80 mg. Furosemide is a white to off-white odorless crystalline powder. It is practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, freely soluble in dilute alkali solutions and insoluble in dilute acids.
The CAS Registry Number is 54-31-9.
The structural formula is as follows:
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
id: 6507a7f5-08e2-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34090-1
Investigations into the mode of action of Furosemide tablets have utilized micropuncture studies in rats, stop flow experiments in dogs and various clearance studies in both humans and experimental animals. It has been demonstrated that Furosemide tablets inhibits primarily the absorption of sodium and chloride not only in the proximal and distal tubules but also in the loop of Henle. The high degree of efficacy is largely due to the unique site of action. The action on the distal tubule is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase and aldosterone.
Recent evidence suggests that furosemide glucuronide is the only or at least the major biotransformation product of furosemide in man. Furosemide is extensively bound to plasma proteins, mainly to albumin. Plasma concentrations ranging from 1 to 400 µg/mL are 91 to 99% bound in healthy individuals. The unbound fraction averages 2.3 to 4.1% at therapeutic concentrations.
The onset of diuresis following oral administration is within 1 hour. The peak effect occurs within the first or second hour. The duration of diuretic effect is 6 to 8 hours.
In fasted normal men, the mean bioavailability of furosemide from Furosemide tablets and Furosemide Oral Solution is 64% and 60%, respectively, of that from an intravenous injection of the drug. Although furosemide is more rapidly absorbed from the oral solution (50 minutes) than from the tablet (87 minutes), peak plasma levels and area under the plasma concentration-time curves do not differ significantly. Peak plasma concentrations increase with increasing dose but times-to-peak do not differ among doses. The terminal half-life of furosemide is approximately 2 hours.
Significantly more furosemide is excreted in urine following the IV injection than after the tablet or oral solution. There are no significant differences between the two oral formulations in the amount of unchanged drug excreted in urine.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
id: 6507a7f5-08e7-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34070-3
Furosemide tablets are contraindicated in patients with anuria and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to furosemide.
WARNINGS
id: 6507a7f5-08e8-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: WARNINGS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34071-1
In patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites, Furosemide tablets therapy is best initiated in the hospital. In hepatic coma and in states of electrolyte depletion, therapy should not be instituted until the basic condition is improved. Sudden alterations of fluid and electrolyte balance in patients with cirrhosis may precipitate hepatic coma; therefore, strict observation is necessary during the period of diuresis. Supplemental potassium chloride and, if required, an aldosterone antagonist are helpful in preventing hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis.
If increasing azotemia and oliguria occur during treatment of severe progressive renal disease, Furosemide tablets should be discontinued.
Cases of tinnitus and reversible or irreversible hearing impairment and deafness have been reported. Reports usually indicate that Furosemide tablets ototoxicity is associated with rapid injection, severe renal impairment, the use of higher than recommended doses, hypoproteinemia or concomitant therapy with aminoglycoside antibiotics, ethacrynic acid, or other ototoxic drugs. If the physician elects to use high dose parenteral therapy, controlled intravenous infusion is advisable (for adults, an infusion rate not exceeding 4 mg Furosemide tablets per minute has been used). (See
PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions)
ADVERSE REACTIONS
id: 6507a7f5-08f3-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34084-4
Adverse reactions are categorized below by organ system and listed by decreasing severity.
OVERDOSAGE
id: 6507a7f5-08fb-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: OVERDOSAGE SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34088-5
The principal signs and symptoms of overdose with Furosemide are dehydration, blood volume reduction, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia and hypochloremic alkalosis, and are extensions of its diuretic action.
The acute toxicity of Furosemide has been determined in mice, rats and dogs. In all three, the oral LD
50 exceeded 1000 mg/kg body weight, while the intravenous LD
50 ranged from 300 to 680 mg/kg. The acute intragastric toxicity in neonatal rats is 7 to 10 times that of adult rats.
The concentration of Furosemide tablets in biological fluids associated with toxicity or death is not known.
Treatment of overdosage is supportive and consists of replacement of excessive fluid and electrolyte losses. Serum electrolytes, carbon dioxide level and blood pressure should be determined frequently. Adequate drainage must be assured in patients with urinary bladder outlet obstruction (such as prostatic hypertrophy).
Hemodialysis does not accelerate furosemide elimination.
HOW SUPPLIED
id: 6507a7f5-08ff-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: HOW SUPPLIED SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34069-5
Furosemide tablets 20 mg are supplied as white to off-white, round, flat face beveled edge, compressed tablets, debossed “EP” and “116” on one side and plain on the other side in bottles of 1 (NDC 43063-702-79), bottles of 21 (NDC 43063-702-21), 30 (NDC 43063-702-30), bottles of 60 (NDC 43063-702-60) and bottles of 90 (NDC 43063-702-90).
Note: Dispense in well-closed, light-resistant containers. Exposure to light might cause a slight discoloration. Discolored tablets should not be dispensed.
Meets USP Dissolution Test 2
Store at 20° -25° C (68° -77° F) [ See USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Protect from light.
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
id: 6507a7f5-0900-c482-e053-2a91aa0aaa7c
displayName: PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
FDA Article Code: 51945-4
FUROSEMIDE Tablets, USP
20 mg
Rx only
