DESCRIPTION
id: 92fc9eb1-3b9f-4f4b-8acc-03eaf253d587
displayName: DESCRIPTION SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34089-3
Clonidine hydrochloride USP is a centrally acting alpha-agonist hypotensive agent available as tablets for oral administration in three dosage strengths: 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg and 0.3 mg. The 0.1 mg tablet is equivalent to 0.087 mg of the free base.
Clonidine hydrochloride tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and sodium starch glycolate. The 0.1 mg also contains D&C yellow #10 aluminum lake, and the 0.3 mg contains D&C yellow #10 aluminum lake and FD&C blue #1 aluminum lake.
Clonidine hydrochloride is an imidazoline derivative and exists as a mesomeric compound. The chemical name is 2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride. The following is the structural formula:
C9H9Cl2N3 • HCl Mol. Wt. 266.56
Clonidine hydrochloride is an odorless, bitter, white, crystalline substance soluble in water and alcohol.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
id: 9d46b6ef-07fb-49ff-8973-6ff5f584cd6a
displayName: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34090-1
Clonidine stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem. This action results in reduced sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and in decreases in peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure. Clonidine hydrochloride USP tablets act relatively rapidly. The patient’s blood pressure declines within 30 to 60 minutes after an oral dose, the maximum decrease occurring within 2 to 4 hours. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remain essentially unchanged. Normal postural reflexes are intact; therefore, orthostatic symptoms are mild and infrequent.
Acute studies with clonidine hydrochloride in humans have demonstrated a moderate reduction (15% to 20%) of cardiac output in the supine position with no change in the peripheral resistance: at a 45° tilt there is a smaller reduction in cardiac output and a decrease of peripheral resistance. During long-term therapy, cardiac output tends to return to control values, while peripheral resistance remains decreased. Slowing of the pulse rate has been observed in most patients given clonidine, but the drug does not alter normal hemodynamic response to exercise.
Tolerance to the antihypertensive effect may develop in some patients, necessitating a reevaluation of therapy.
Other studies in patients have provided evidence of a reduction in plasma renin activity and in the excretion of aldosterone and catecholamines. The exact relationship of these pharmacologic actions to the antihypertensive effect of clonidine has not been fully elucidated.
Clonidine acutely stimulates growth hormone release in both children and adults, but does not produce a chronic elevation of growth hormone with long-term use.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
id: bb20fc02-11ec-484c-b9e5-f47f25f36d14
displayName: INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34067-9
Clonidine hydrochloride USP tablets are indicated in the treatment of hypertension. Clonidine hydrochloride USP tablets may be employed alone or concomitantly with other antihypertensive agents.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
id: aafd5b53-fff4-408d-a60a-2fc72511ace0
displayName: CONTRAINDICATIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34070-3
Clonidine hydrochloride USP tablets should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to clonidine (see PRECAUTIONS).
ADVERSE REACTIONS
id: 63c674d3-ecab-4939-a7c8-5866e32f17b4
displayName: ADVERSE REACTIONS SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34084-4
Most adverse effects are mild and tend to diminish with continued therapy. The most frequent (which appear to be dose-related) are dry mouth, occurring in about 40 of 100 patients; drowsiness, about 33 in 100; dizziness, about 16 in 100; constipation and sedation, each about 10 in 100.
The following less frequent adverse experiences have also been reported in patients receiving clonidine hydrochloride tablets, but in many cases patients were receiving concomitant medication and a causal relationship has not been established.
Body as a Whole: Fatigue, fever, headache, pallor, weakness, and withdrawal syndrome. Also reported were a weakly positive Coombs’ test and increased sensitivity to alcohol.
Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, congestive heart failure, electrocardiographic abnormalities (i.e., sinus node arrest, junctional bradycardia, high degree AV block and arrhythmias), orthostatic symptoms, palpitations, Raynaud’s phenomenon, syncope, and tachycardia. Cases of sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block have been reported, both with and without the use of concomitant digitalis.
Central Nervous System: Agitation, anxiety, delirium, delusional perception, hallucinations (including visual and auditory), insomnia, mental depression, nervousness, other behavioral changes, paresthesia, restlessness, sleep disorder, and vivid dreams or nightmares.
Dermatological: Alopecia, angioneurotic edema, hives, pruritus, rash, and urticaria.
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, hepatitis, malaise, mild transient abnormalities in liver function tests, nausea, parotitis, pseudo-obstruction (including colonic pseudo-obstruction), salivary gland pain, and vomiting.
Genitourinary: Decreased sexual activity, difficulty in micturition, erectile dysfunction, loss of libido, nocturia, and urinary retention.
Hematologic: Thrombocytopenia.
Metabolic: Gynecomastia, transient elevation of blood glucose or serum creatine phosphokinase, and weight gain.
Musculoskeletal: Leg cramps and muscle or joint pain.
Oro-otolaryngeal: Dryness of the nasal mucosa.
Ophthalmological: Accommodation disorder, blurred vision, burning of the eyes, decreased lacrimation, and dryness of eyes.
OVERDOSAGE
id: fd0949a7-8491-491d-a8a3-52c0e8e409cc
displayName: OVERDOSAGE SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34088-5
Hypertension may develop early and may be followed by hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypothermia, drowsiness, decreased or absent reflexes, weakness, irritability and miosis. The frequency of CNS depression may be higher in children than adults. Large overdoses may result in reversible cardiac conduction defects or dysrhythmias, apnea, coma and seizures. Signs and symptoms of overdose generally occur within 30 minutes to two hours after exposure. As little as 0.1 mg of clonidine has produced signs of toxicity in children.
There is no specific antidote for clonidine overdosage. Clonidine overdosage may result in the rapid development of CNS depression; therefore, induction of vomiting with ipecac syrup is not recommended. Gastric lavage may be indicated following recent and/or large ingestions. Administration of activated charcoal and/or a cathartic may be beneficial. Supportive care may include atropine sulfate for bradycardia, intravenous fluids and/or vasopressor agents for hypotension and vasodilators for hypertension. Naloxone may be a useful adjunct for the management of clonidine-induced respiratory depression, hypotension and/or coma; blood pressure should be monitored since the administration of naloxone has occasionally resulted in paradoxical hypertension. Tolazoline administration has yielded inconsistent results and is not recommended as first-line therapy. Dialysis is not likely to significantly enhance the elimination of clonidine.
The largest overdose reported to date involved a 28-year old male who ingested 100 mg of clonidine hydrochloride powder. This patient developed hypertension followed by hypotension, bradycardia, apnea, hallucinations, semicoma, and premature ventricular contractions. The patient fully recovered after intensive treatment. Plasma clonidine levels were 60 ng/ml after 1 hour, 190 ng/ml after 1.5 hours, 370 ng/ml after 2 hours, and 120 ng/ml after 5.5 and 6.5 hours. In mice and rats, the oral LD50 of clonidine is 206 and 465 mg/kg, respectively.
HOW SUPPLIED
id: 27fc142b-ebe7-4ede-8833-e272c4515afd
displayName: HOW SUPPLIED SECTION
FDA Article Code: 34069-5
Clonidine hydrochloride tablets USP are supplied as follows:
Clonidine hydrochloride tablets USP 0.1 mg, yellow, round, debossed MP 657 on one side and plain on the other side.
| Bottles of 15
|
NDC 54868-0048-7
|
| Bottles of 20
|
NDC 54868-0048-1
|
| Bottles of 30
|
NDC 54868-0048-5
|
| Bottles of 60
|
NDC 54868-0048-2
|
| Bottles of 90
|
NDC 54868-0048-8
|
| Bottles of 100
|
NDC 54868-0048-3
|
Clonidine hydrochloride tablets USP 0.2 mg, white, round, debossed MP 658 on one side and plain on the other side.
| Bottles of 30
|
NDC 54868-0049-2
|
| Bottles of 60
|
NDC 54868-0049-5
|
Bottles of 90
Bottles of 120
|
NDC 54868-0049-1
NDC 54868-0049-6
|
| Bottles of 180
|
NDC 54868-0049-7
|
Clonidine hydrochloride tablets USP 0.3 mg, green, round, debossed MP 659 on one side and plain on the other side.
| Bottles of 30
|
NDC 54868-1967-2
|
| Bottles of 60
|
NDC 54868-1967-0
|
| Bottles of 90
|
NDC 54868-1967-3
|
| Bottles of 100
|
NDC 54868-1967-4
|
| Bottles of 120
|
NDC 54868-1967-1
|
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 0.1 mg Bottle Label
id: 254521f6-3130-4172-9e11-e44058829156
displayName: PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
FDA Article Code: 51945-4
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS USP
0.1 mg
Rx only
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 0.2 mg Bottle Label
id: 5bddb2ca-9066-4728-b406-f3bef0bf6d15
displayName: PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
FDA Article Code: 51945-4
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS USP
0.2 mg
Rx only
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 0.3 mg Bottle Label
id: 03e5bb7d-e590-41f7-b774-0c698fe81207
displayName: PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
FDA Article Code: 51945-4
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS USP
0.3 mg
Rx only
